Abstract The objective of this study was carried out to evaluating the productive performance, the physical-chemical quality of the milk, the physical-chemical and sensorial quality of rennet cheeses obtained from the milk of goats submitted to diets with diferente levels of guava agroindustrial waste (GAW). The goats were randomly distributed in a Latin square (4x4) according to the substitution levels (0, 14, 28, and 42%) of inclusion GAW in the diet. The consumption of natural and dry matter increased with the increase in hay substitution. However, the physical-chemical requirements of milk and cheese were not altered.

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the production, milk quality, consumption and financial analysis of milk from goats consuming diets with different levels of double-distilled glycerin. Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 30 ± 5 days of lactation, kept in a confinement system for 60 days were used. The goats were randomly distributed in a Latin square (4 x 4), according to the levels of double-distilled glycerin. The ingredients used were tifton hay, ground corn grain, soybean meal, vitamin/mineral supplement, urea, and double-distilled glycerin levels (0, 6, 12 and 18%) to replace corn in the diets. The milk fat of goats fed with double-distilled glycerin in the diet showed a decreasing linear regressive effect (P = 0.001). Dry matter intake showed a quadratic regressive effect (P = 0.033). Evaluating the total cost of each diet, it was observed that the level containing 0% glycerin was the diet with the lowest cost per kilogram. The use of double-distilled glycerin in the feeding of dairy goats can be recommended up to the level of 18% of corn replacement without harming milk production, however, it is necessary to verify the economic viability, considering that there will be losses in the quality of the milk produced.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with bidistilled glycerin from the biodiesel industry on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of milk and goat cheese. Twelve Saanen multiparous goats weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 30 ± 5 days of lactation were used. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: fat (%), non-fat solids (%), protein (%), lactose (%), salts (%), relative density at 15/15 °C (gmL-1), index cryoscopic (°C), electrical conductivity (mScm-1), pH and acidity. The milk from each treatment was used to make the rennet cheese. The physicochemical variables: pH, lipids, ESD, and cheese yield had a significant effect (P < 0.05) for the increasing use of bidistilled glycerin in the goat feeding. The pH, acidity, EST, ESD, and yield variables presented linear regressive effect and lipids quadratic regressive effect. The softness sensory attribute had a significant effect (P < 0.05) for the increasing levels of bidistilled glycerin in the goat diet; the softness decreased as the glycerin level increased. Bi-distilled glycerin, when inserted in the diets of dairy goats at increasing levels, promotes a reduction in the lipid content of milk, consequently affecting the cheese yield and the sensory softness parameter.

ABSTRACT. The physical-chemical characteristics and sensory attributes of milk are variable. This study aimed to evaluate how spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) influences the composition and sensory characteristics of goat milk. Twelve lactating goats with body weights of 51.35 ± 3.75 kg were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square, with three simultaneous squares composed of four animals, four periods, and four experimental diets: Control - goats fed tifton grass hay and concentrate; SCOE - goats fed the Orelha-de-elefante spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCB - goats fed the Baiana spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCM - goats fed the Miúda spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate. The levels of protein and non-greasy solids and the sensory attributes of the milk (odor, butter flavor, and global acceptance) did not differ between the treatments (p > 0.05). The lipid content of the milk was reduced in the SCOE treatment compared to the control (p = 0.0014). The milk obtained from animals fed the SCOE and SCM treatments had a stronger flavor (p < 0.05). These results suggest that varieties of spineless cactus resistant to carmine cochineal can be used as goat feed without affecting milk production or global acceptance.

Avaliaram-se quatro níveis de feno de flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera S.W.) em substituição ao feno de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) na dieta de cordeiros. O valor nutricional do feno de flor-de-seda foi determinado com base na digestibilidade aparente e no desempenho metabólico, produtivo e econômico de cordeiros Santa Inês. Utilizaram-se 24 machos castrados com peso corporal de 15,72 kg ± 1,92 kg distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro dietas com relações entre feno de flor-de-seda e de sorgo (100:0, 66:33, 33:66 e 0:100) e suplementadas com uma mistura concentrada à base de 50% de volumos e 50% de concentrado (peso/peso). O aumento nos níveis de feno de flor-de-seda na dieta diminuiu o ganho de peso e a ingestão de nutrientes e aumentou a conversão alimentar e o coeficiente de digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes. O balanço de nitrogênio foi semelhante em todos os níveis de feno de flor-de-seda, embora tenha havido tendência de redução na retenção do nitrogênio nos níveis 66 e 100% de feno de flor-de-seda. Nos níveis 0 e 33% de feno de flor-de-seda na dieta, a ingestão de matéria seca (170 e 180 g/dia), o ganho médio diário de peso (84 e 89 g/kg0,75) e a conversão alimentar (4,99 e 5,02) foram satisfatórios. O feno de flor-de-seda pode representar até 16,5% da ingestão total ou 33% do volumoso da dieta de cordeiros.

It was evaluated four levels of silk flower (Calotropis procera S.W.) hay (SFH) as a substitute of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) hay (SBH) in diet for lambs. Nutritional value of silk-flower hay was determined based on aparent digestibility and on metabolic, productive and economical performance of Santa Inês lambs. It was used twenty-four castrated males at 15.72 ± 1.92 kg body weight randomly distributed in four diets with silk-fklower and sorghum hay ratios (100:0, 66:33, 33:66, 0:100), and supplemented with a concentrate mixture based on 50% roughage:50% concentrate (weight/weight). Increase in the levels of silk-flower hay in the diet reduced weight gain and nutrient intake and it increased feed conversion and digestibility coeficients of all the nutrients. Nitrogen balance was similar in all levels of silk-flower hay, although there was a tendency of reduction in nitrogen retention at levels 66% and 100% of silk-flower hay. At the levels 0 and 33% of silk-flower hay in the diet, dry matter ingestion (170 and 180 g/day), daily average weight gain (84 and 89 g/kg0.75)and feed conversion (4.99 and 5.02) were satisfactory. Silk-flower hay can represent up to 16.5% of the total food ingestion or 33% of the roughage in diet for lambs.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a composição corporal em gordura, proteína e energia e as exigências nutricionais para ganho de peso em cordeiros em sistema de pastejo na região semi-árida. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros Santa Inês, castrados, com peso inicial de 15,8 kg ± 1,4 kg e idade variando entre 3 e 4 meses. Desses animais, oito cordeiros foram abatidos no início do experimento, como animais-referência, para determinação da composição corporal inicial na metodologia do abate comparativo. Os 24 animais remanescentes foram utilizados em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e oito blocos. Cada um dos oito blocos experimentais foi composto inicialmente de três cordeiros de 15 kg, aos quais foram aplicados os tratamentos (0,0, 1,0 e 1,5% do peso vivo do animal de suplementação diária com mistura concentrada composta de fubá de milho, farelo de soja e mistura mineral, ajustada para ganho de peso médio diário estimado em 200 g) aleatoriamente designados. Quando um dos animais de cada lote atingiu 30 kg de peso, os três animais do lote foram abatidos. Os valores estimados de composição corporal variaram de 171,59 a 145,84 g de proteína/kg de peso do corpo vazio (PCV); 0,53 a 319 g de gordura/kg de PCV; e 2,06 a 3,90 Mcal/kg de PCV para animais de 15 a 30 kg de PCV. As exigências líquidas para ganho médio de 200 g/dia variaram de 25,99 a 22,09 g de proteína e de 0,311 a 0,591 Mcal de energia para animais de 15 a 30 kg de PV, respectivamente. Cordeiros Santa Inês em pastejo na região semi-árida necessitam de mais proteína e menos energia que cordeiros confinados em regiões temperadas ou confinados em áreas tropicais como reportado na literatura.

This study evaluated body fat, protein and energy contents and nutritional requirements for body weight (BW) gain of lambs in tropical semiarid conditions. Thirty-two castrated Santa Inês 3-to-4-month old lambs (initial BW: 15.8 kg ± 1.4 kg) were used. Eight lambs were initially slaughtered to serve as the reference for initial body weight composition. The remaining 24 animals were placed in a randomized block with three treatments and eight replications. Each one of the eight experimental blocks consisted initially of three 15 kg lambs to which treatments (daily supplement levels: 0.0, 1.0, and 1.5% of body weight of a corn, soybean and minerals concentrate mixture adjusted for a daily 200 g BW gain at 1.5% level) were randomly assigned. As one of the lambs reached 30 kg all three were slaughtered. Body composition (per kg of empty body weight - EBW), ranged from 171.59 to 145.84 g protein, from 0.53 to 319.00 g fat, and from 2,06 to 3,90 Mcal energy, for lambs from 15 to 30 kg EBW, respectively. Net requirements for 200 g BW gain/day ranged from 25.99 to 22.09 g protein and from 0.311 to 0.591 Mcal energy for lambs from 15 to 30 kg EBW, respectively. Santa Inês lambs browsing in tropical semiarid regions require more protein and less energy than lambs raised in temperate regions or kept in feedlots in tropical areas, as reported in the literature.